yogyakarta palace

History of Yogyakarta palace

After Giyanti Agreement in 1755, Prince Mangkubumi given region of Yogyakarta. Then to run the government, Prince Mangkubumi build a palace in 1755 in the Forest Beringan. This land is in pretty good value because flanked by two rivers that protect it from flooding. The first king in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta is the title of Prince Mangkubumi lane I (HB I). This palace is the location of a former Pesanggarahan reputedly named Garjitawati. This building used to break the funeral procession kings of Mataram (Kartasura and Surakarta) to be buried in Imogiri.

Royal Palaces, Keraton or Kraton, derived from the word ka-queen's, which means the residence queen / king. Broader meaning, described simply, that all structures and buildings in the Kraton area have significant meaning related to essential Javanese philosophy of life, namely Sangkan Paraning dumadi (where it came from humans and where eventually humans after death).

Physically, the palace of the Sultan of Yogyakarta has seven core complex that is Siti Hinggil Ler (North Hall), Kamandhungan Ler (North Kamandhungan), Sri Manganti, Kedhaton, Kamagangan, Kamandhungan Kidul (South Kamandhungan), and Siti Hinggil Kidul (South Hall. Besides the Keraton Yogyakarta has a range of cultural heritage in the form of ceremonies and ancient artifacts and historic. On the other hand, Sultan Palace is also a traditional institution complete with customary holders. therefore not surprising that the values ??of philosophy as well as mythology surrounds Yogyakarta Palace. Kraton is a wellspring of civilization that never subsided at feeding time. since its establishment, Ngayogyokarto Sultanate Palace, is one of the four central Javanese kingdom (diocesan kejawen) which is the rightful heir to the cultural triumph of Mataram.

The king of Mataram and then the Sultan of Yogya received the title king sebgai pinandhita and narendra Sudibyo the creator (author) of productive culture (Purwadi 2007). The Sultan with indigenous experts, gave birth to original ideas about art, literature, social systems, economic systems, and so on. Lane I for example, produced many works of art and architecture. With the Kraton as the center, the Yogya has developed into a system of its own civilization since before bergambung with RI (1945). That is mentioned in Article 18 UUD 1945 (before amendment) as'' the original arrangement. "Since Kraton stand, Yogya has had its own system of government and had reformed in 1926 (reorganization pangreh Praja).

Kraton as the center of civilization visible cultural patterns that radiate out distributing the centrifuges. First, the Palace is the center of political governance. Sultanate territories classified by the concept of concentric layers of Diocesan trimandala. Which is the innermost layer of the central region called nagara empire, an empire whose capital is home to kings and important officials. Nagara center is the Palace. The second layer, called the region nagaragung areas around the city. The third layer is called the territory monconagoro regions far away.

Compared with Kraton Yogyakarta, Republic of Indonesia is a civilization that is still very young. Yogya also gave birth to the birth of a new civilization. When RI having a very critical period of birth, Yogya give yourself a "nanny" with sacrifices. Politically it is very clear, the capital was moved to Yogyakarta, Indonesia (since 1946). Kraton (lane IX) strategizing General Offensive March 1, 1949 to demonstrate the existence of Indonesia in the eyes of the world and so on. Since the beginning, Yogya has provided a lot of nutrients for the growth of Indonesian civilization. RI like a baby to feed on Yogya as her landlord. Many ideas emerged from Yogya civilization.

Religious values

ABSTRACT Sultan Palace is a place that has meaning philosophical, religious and cultural. Ogyakarta Sultanate is a continuation of the Islamic Mataram dynasty after Giyanti Treaty in 1775. After persistent struggle Kanjeng Prince Haryo Mangkubumi for almost eight years especially addressed to the Netherlands Government Company. A month after the agreement was signed Giyanti, the Yogyakarta Sultanate diresmikanlah establishment for one year and then be able to finish the construction of the palace in 1756 AD. Sultanate of Yogyakarta is the center of Javanese culture and the palace is the most ideal type of religion that is kejawen slam Java and sinkritis. It can not be removed because it is rooted and fused with elements of the old culture of the archipelago, such as religion, language, arts and customs. As a kingdom in general, various traditional ceremonies are always held so that it can be seen form of ideas and religious minds ancestors. Various symbolic expression contains a lot of social and cultural values ??that have been proven to be very beneficial for balance, alignment over time, people's lives, which is closely related to the historical development of religious life in the country and is also close to the history of Islamic kingdoms of Java. At the Sri Sultan HB IX keratom spearheaded many changes in both the organization and the Government in streamlining the implementation of various traditional ceremonies. The change was made by Dorodjatun (HB IX) long before Independence. When ascended the throne in 1940, many changes were done, after the Independence of Indonesia Yogyakarta Sultanate states joined the government of Indonesia. Nevertheless, the palace still has the legitimacy of power. Div

2.1.3 Functions and Benefits for Community Presence Kraton

2.1.3.1 Function

Kraton function is divided into two functions in the past, and the Kraton Kraton function in the present. First of all, we will explain the functions of the Palace in the past. In the past the palace serves as the residence of the king. Kraton founded in 1756, in addition to the southern part of the palace, there is a compound used as a school chivalry sons of the sultan. School they are separated from the public school because it is already a rule on the Palace that the sultan's sons are not allowed to attend school in the same school with people. Meanwhile, in the present Kraton function is as a tourist spot which can be visited by anyone both domestic and foreign tourists. Than as a place to tour, not forgotten anyway Kraton function that persist from the beginning until now is as a residence of Sultan.

By the time we enter the second courtyard of the Palace, there is a gate at the front where there are two statues. Each statue has the opposite meaning. Statues are located on the right called Cingkorobolo which symbolizes goodness, while the statue is located on the left called Boloupotu which symbolizes evil. Besides, we also get a bit of information about the lane IX. IX sultan of Yogyakarta's Kraton was born on 12 April 1940 and died in the age of 48, ie on October 3, 1988. He has a wide range of hobbies, such as dancing, puppet, puppet plays, and the final photograph. The Sultan has a famous motto is, "Throne for the people".

2.1.3.2 Benefits

Kraton owned benefits in addition to being a place for government in the center of Yogyakarta, as well as a heritage which must be preserved by all people, especially residents Jogjakarta itself, as the Sultan's Palace is a national cultural heritage that still persists in maintaining its function until now. In addition, Kraton Yogyakarta still has other benefits, ie, as an object of tourism that can increase knowledge for travelers there, adding to the uniqueness of Yogyakarta and increase the amount of local revenue DIY.

Background

Culture or cultures derived from the Sanskrit buddhayah, which is the plural form of the buddhi (mind or intellect) is defined as the things pertaining to the mind and human reason. In English, the culture is called culture, which is derived from the Latin word Colere, the process or work. Can be interpreted also as cultivate the land or farming. The word culture is also sometimes translated as "culture" in Indonesian.

Indonesia is a country made up of many tribes, races, religions, and different customs. Differences that give rise to a variety of different cultures. Each culture has its center of each. One of the cultural centers in Indonesia, precisely in Java, is Keraton Yogyakarta.

Sultan Palace or Keraton Ngayogyakarta known by the general public as the official palace of Yogyakarta Sultanate building until 1950 when the State government of the Republic of Indonesia to Yogyakarta Sultanate as a provincial-level special autonomous region under the name of Yogyakarta.

Yogyakarta Palace was founded by the lane I Giyanti few months after the agreement in 1755. Location keratin is said to be a former rest house named Garjitawati, rest areas motorcade janazah kings of Mataram (Kartasura and Surakarta) to be buried in Imogiri. Another story mentions is a keratin location Bannerman Pacethokan springs in the middle of the forest Beringan. Before assuming Keraton Yogyakarta, Sri Sultan lane I stay in the Guest Houses Ketawang Ambar which now includes the District Gamping, Sleman.

Physically, the palace of the Sultan of Yogyakarta has seven core complex that is Siti Hinggil Ler (North Hall), Kamadhungan Ler (North Kamadhungan), Sri Manganti, Kedhaton, Kamagangan, Kamandhungan Kidul (South Kamandhungan), and Siti Hinggil Kidul (South Hall). Additionally Yogayakarta palace has range of cultural heritage in the form of the ceremony and ancient objects and historic. Yogayakarta palace is also one custom lemabaga complete with customary holders.

 II. Purpose

The aim of this paper writing as readers of Keraton Yogyakarta discourse from the perspective of beings and changes therein. This paper also made to analyze the symbolic elements of humanity that is in Yogyakarta Palace.

In addition, this paper contains facts and universal definition of Kerton Yogyakarta. The facts contained in this paper allows the reader can use as a reference in the analysis of the Yogyakarta Palace.

Culture in the form of Keraton Yogyakarta

A. Ideas (Being Ideal)

Ideal form of culture is the culture in the form of a collection of ideas, ideas, values, norms, rules are abstract, can not be felt or touched. Manifestation of the culture in Yogyakarta Palace is the thinking, philosophy, and mythology associated with its construction.

Thoughts on Sultan Palace is poured on the spatial arrangement of the palace, including the archetypal landascape old city of Yogyakarta, the names are used, the architecture, the direction toward the building, the names of heirlooms, and other objects that exist inside each each has a value philosophy and mythology of their own.

The idea that there is in Yogyakarta Palace is also manifested in a motif. Some motifs of batik in Yogyakarta Palace is an exclusive motif. This motif was made by the daughter or the girl that will be spoken by the prince's palace. The goal is to preserve batik in Java. They should make a motif that had not been made by anyone. That's why it earned the nickname batik motif batik exclusive notif.

B. Activity (action)

 Activity is a form of culture as a pattern of human action in this itu.Wujud society are often referred to as the social system. The social system consists of human activities interacting, made contact, and get along with other human beings according to certain patterns of behavior are based on indigenous governance.

There are several forms of culture in the form of activity that is in Yogyakarta Palace. In the interaction, the residents of the palace using the Java language. People who are younger and / or lower berpangakat people have to use the Java language to manners inggil older and / or of higher rank. While older people and / or people of higher rank using the Java language ngoko / ngoko Alus to younger / lower rank. In everyday life, people who are younger and / or lower berpangakat should not be running back to an older person and / or people of higher rank. Some of it may be sanctioned if breached or punishment in the form of a reprimand or ridicule for being disrespectful and violated norms in the palace and in the Java community at large.

Examples of culture form another form of activity is the provision of offerings in the spaces that are considered sacred or holy. This is a routine activity that should not be forgotten by the palace courtiers. Moreover, in Keraton Yogyakarta is still held traditional ceremonies that are conducted continues to this day. A ceremony is Tumplak Diamonds, Grebeg, Sekaten, Spray Heritage, and Labuan.

C. Artifacts (work)

Artifacts is a form of physical culture in the form of the results of the activities, actions, and the work of all the people in the community in the form of objects or things that can be touched, seen, and documented. Third among its most concrete manifestation of culture.

Some artifacts or physical culture form at the Sultan Palace is the palace building and its spaces in it, batik fabrics and heirlooms palace (example: kris, regalia, gamelan, flag and banner greatness Keraton Yogyakarta, horse-drawn carriage, batik, etc.), the mountains that existed at the time diselenggerakannya Grebeg ceremonies, Mosques Gedhe and North Square which is the venue for the ceremony and sekaten Grebeg, and others.

 II. Elements of Symbolic and Humanity In Relation to Cultural Change in Keraton Yogyakarta

Keraton Yogyakarta as one of the cultural centers of Java has some heritage elements that symbolize humanity. We take batik as an example. Historically, batik originated from ancestors, known since the seventeenth century, written and painted on palm leaves. At that time batik motif or pattern is still dominated by forms of animals and plants. Over time, batik have evolved from hand painting motifs of animals and plants gradually turn to the abstract motif that resembles a cloud, temple reliefs, wayang beber and so forth. Furthermore, through the merger of the painting and the art of decorating style clothing, batik appear as we know it today.

Batik has elements of beauty of style or motive implied. Element of beauty is certainly very dependent on each individual who sees and vote. Batik as one of the cultural heritage of indigenous Indonesi cultural change. Batik art is art image on the fabric for clothing ynag be one of the family culture of Indonesian kings of old. Initially batik is done only limited in the palace alone and proceeds to dress the king and family and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought by them out palace and worked in place of each.

Nowadays, batik is not only used by the royal family. Batik has been changed into everyday clothing worn by the people of Indonesia. Batik in this case the diffusion changes. Diffusion is the spread of cultural elements from one party to another party. Batik merupakn local cultural elements that move into the elements of national culture. This is because the function of batik felt suitable and useful to people's lives. Batik is also a cultural element that readily accepted and absorbed. Currently, many sellers are selling clothes patterned batik clothing. It is considered advantageous saw many enthusiasts and fans of batik in the country and even from abroad. This is because batik is an element of culture that is very popular because of the beauty of the style or motif.

Batik is one of Indonesia's indigenous heritage is protected considering neighboring countries namely Malaysia some time ago playing with fire by claiming batik is inherited their state. In Yogyakarta Palace Museum there is one room in which there are various kinds of batik cloth. In this room we can not document all that is in it. This is a precaution so that no one is biased plagiarized or even claim motif contained therein.

Of cases the previous paragraph there is an element of humanity in the form of anxiety, hope, and the responsibility and dedication. The palace restless if there is room motif that is documented and disseminated, there will be those who are not responsible for tracing and claims that it is the motif of his creations. Therefore the palace prohibits documentation in the room with the hope motif is in it to stay awake and no party claiming arbitrary or even trace them. It is a sense of responsibility and devotion to the masters of the palace or the batik makers.

Batik is also experiencing acculturation dekulturasi shaped. Dekulturasi an acculturation process of cultural elements that replace the old with the new and old cultural element is missing because it was abandoned. At first batik painted and written on palm leaves. Currently batik was painted and written on cloth as clothing materials, curtains, tablecloths, and others.

Besides batik, there are also heirlooms in Keraton Yogyakarta form of transportation in the form of horse-drawn carriages. There are different types of horse-drawn carriages owned by the Sultan Palace. The trains used to be the main vehicle of Yogyakarta Sultanate is used both for the benefit of the palace as well as personal interests.

As a heritage palace, trains are honored form Jamasan event. Jamasan is bathing activities, members "eating" in the form of offerings, and pray for all heirlooms. Implementation Jamasan heritage at the museum special train carried only for heritage trains. The ceremony was led by the doyen of royal courtiers in charge of maintaining the museum. Trains are required each year is dijamasi train Nyai amulets. This is an oversized wagon train Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwana I through IV Buwana Sri Sultan Hamengku and considered the doyen of other trains.

Jamasan ceremonies still performed to this day because it is a distinctive tradition of Yogyakarta Palace. It is also done to keep the trains in order to stay groomed. It is a responsibility of the courtiers who were assigned to clean the trains are on the Jamasan ceremony.

Currently there are only a few horse-drawn carriage contained in the Yogyakarta palace which is still used at the coronation of the king and the king's carriage remains introduction to Tomb Imogori. Carriage horses are no longer used as an everyday vehicle occupants palace. They've switched to a motorized vehicle such as a car to drive everyday.

From the above paragraphs, there is a cultural change in the acculturation process that arises when a group of people with specific cultures are exposed to foreign cultural elements so that gradually accepted and processed in their own culture without losing the original personality. Although the current occupants of the palace was no longer using the horse-drawn carriage for everyday vehicles, horse-drawn carriages still used at certain times. So, not entirely abandoned horse carriage. Foreign cultural elements in the form of car transportation to go to the palace because Yogayakarta immense usefulness. Besides faster than horse-drawn carriage, with a car we can go up to town without consuming too much time. Forms of acculturation processes occurring in this case is the origination. Originations are changes that bring an element of culture that really new.

III. YOGYAKARTA PALACE OF CULTURE OF APPRECIATION

Yogyakarta Palace was originally a royal palace institution of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. About a year after the Sultanate of Yogyakarta with Paku Alaman Duchy changed its status from a state-level Special Region Province officially in 1950, began to be separated from the Keraton Yogyakarta Special Region Government and in-depoliticizing so just being an Indigenous Stakeholder Institutions particular line of Java / Yogyakarta style. Function and the palace turned into a protective guard Javanese cultural identity especially Yogyakarta style.

Keraton Yogyakarta possessed the most special thing that distinguishes it by Keraton Yogyakarta Palace / Palace Nusantara kingdoms others. Sultan of Yogyakarta as The Throne lordship Indigenous Stakeholders / Head palace also has a special position in the field of local government as a form of privilege Yogyakarta. From the beginning of the DIY stand (de facto and de yure 1946 1950) until 1988 Sultan of Yogyakarta is automatically appointed as the Governor / Head of the Special Region which is not bound by the provisions of the tenure, terms, and for the appointment of the Governor / Head of others. Between 1988-1998, Guberur Dareh Yogyakarta chaired by the Deputy Governor of the Special Region are also Paku Alaman ruler. After 1999, the descendant of Sultan Yogyakarta priority eligible to be appointed as the Governor / Head of Regional Specialties. Currently the Throne is The Stakeholder Dipretuan lane X.

Yogyakarta Sultan Palace for the people not just a mere symbol but rather as one of the cultural centers of Java since at Yogyakarta Palace was held cultural traditions that existed since the beginning of the palace stood. Sultan as the supreme indigenous stakeholders also still has a strong influence on the lives of the people of Yogyakarta. Modern society in Yogyakarta are still many who are subject to the dictates of the Sultan. When the Sultan under pressure from the central government, is ready to protect the people of Yogyakarta with the Sultan of pressure. Even people outside Yogyakarta also oppose the current government issued a statement that the system of government of Yogyakarta conflict with the Indonesian system. This is something very shocking because the statement is a statement of the declarant about the ignorance of the pact made by Indonesia and Yogyakarta Sultanate in 1950.

Sultan Palace is something that is very valuable for the Java community and of course the people of Yogyakarta itself. Keraton Yogyakarta is a hallmark and if lost, the hallmark of Yogyakarta also be lost. Many foreign influences into the palace area not merely makes residents actually left the palace culture. They still keep their traditions and culture. This is what makes it so special in the eyes of Yogyakarta local communities and even foreign countries. Therefore, the palace as the center of Javanese culture especially should keep us maintain the traditions existing in it